Polygon PoS Welcomes Major Upgrade: What's Changed?

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The Polygon PoS network has taken a bold leap forward with the release of Heimdall v2 on the Amoy Testnet, marking the beginning of a transformative performance upgrade. This major milestone sets the stage for faster transactions, enhanced security, and a more scalable blockchain infrastructure—key steps in Polygon’s ambitious journey toward 100,000 TPS.

As decentralized applications and on-chain financial systems grow in complexity and demand, networks must evolve to keep pace. Polygon’s latest upgrade addresses core limitations of its previous architecture, paving the way for broader adoption and enterprise-grade reliability.

What Is Heimdall v2?

At the heart of Polygon PoS lies Heimdall, the consensus client responsible for managing validators, selecting block producers, handling state synchronization with Ethereum, and orchestrating critical network operations. The newly released Heimdall v2 is a modernized version built on upgraded foundational technologies:

These updates are not just under-the-hood improvements—they represent a complete architectural refinement aimed at boosting efficiency, security, and long-term maintainability.

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Key Improvements in Heimdall v2

The transition from Heimdall v1 to v2 introduces several Polygon Improvement Proposals (PIPs) that collectively enhance network performance and developer experience.

PIP-62: Seamless Migration with Genesis Data Import

One of the most critical aspects of any network upgrade is continuity. PIP-62 ensures a smooth migration from Heimdall v1 to v2 by importing existing genesis data. This means the network retains its historical state while benefiting from improved infrastructure—minimizing disruption for users and dApps.

PIP-43: Upgraded Consensus Layer with CometBFT

With PIP-43, Polygon upgrades its consensus mechanism using CometBFT, a battle-tested Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) engine. This change brings:

The result? A more responsive and resilient network capable of supporting high-frequency transactions and complex cross-chain interactions.

PIP-44: Modernized Dependencies via Cosmos SDK Refactor

Technology evolves rapidly, and outdated dependencies can become security risks or performance bottlenecks. PIP-44 refactors the system's reliance on the Cosmos SDK, upgrading it to a more recent and secure version. This ensures better compatibility with ecosystem tools, easier maintenance, and a stronger foundation for future innovations.

Performance Gains: From 90 Seconds to 5 Seconds Finality

One of the most impactful changes in Heimdall v2 is the dramatic reduction in transaction finality time—from 90 seconds down to just 5 seconds.

This improvement means:

Combined with enhanced consensus mechanisms and optimized data handling, this leap in finality positions Polygon PoS as a top contender for real-world financial applications requiring speed and reliability.

The Road to 100,000 TPS: Polygon’s Scalability Vision

Earlier in June 2025, Polygon unveiled an aggressive roadmap targeting 100,000 transactions per second (TPS)—a benchmark that would place it among the most scalable Layer 1 and Layer 2 solutions globally.

This vision, dubbed the "gigagas" era, aims to support mass-market financial services on-chain, including global payments, DeFi platforms, and institutional-grade trading systems.

Milestone 1: 1,000 TPS by July 2025

The first major milestone is expected in early July with an upgrade delivering:

This phase will be rolled out following successful testing on Amoy, ensuring robustness before mainnet deployment.

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Milestone 2: 5,000 TPS by October 2025

By October 2025, Polygon plans to achieve 5,000 TPS in a devnet environment through:

AggLayer plays a crucial role here—it allows multiple chains to settle to Ethereum while sharing a common liquidity pool and security model, reducing fragmentation and improving capital efficiency.

Long-Term Goal: 100,000 TPS

While 5,000 TPS is impressive, Polygon’s ultimate target is 100,000 TPS. Achieving this will require continued optimization of consensus algorithms, data availability layers, and execution environments. The Heimdall v2 upgrade is just the beginning—a foundational step that enables these future advancements.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is Heimdall v2?

Heimdall v2 is an upgraded consensus client for the Polygon PoS network. It improves transaction finality, security, and performance by leveraging updated versions of CometBFT and Cosmos SDK. It replaces the legacy Heimdall system with a more efficient and maintainable architecture.

How does Heimdall v2 improve transaction speed?

Heimdall v2 reduces transaction finality from 90 seconds to just 5 seconds. This is achieved through optimized consensus logic, faster state synchronization with Ethereum, and streamlined block production—all made possible by upgrading to modern BFT protocols like CometBFT.

When will Heimdall v2 launch on mainnet?

The Heimdall v2 upgrade has been successfully deployed on the Amoy Testnet. Mainnet rollout is expected within one to two weeks after thorough testing and validation.

What is the significance of 100,000 TPS for Polygon?

Reaching 100,000 TPS would make Polygon one of the fastest blockchain networks globally, capable of supporting high-volume applications like global payment systems, decentralized exchanges, and enterprise financial platforms—all with low latency and stable fees.

How does AggLayer contribute to scalability?

AggLayer enables seamless interoperability and shared liquidity across multiple chains. By allowing different rollups and sidechains to aggregate their proofs into Ethereum while maintaining unified security, AggLayer eliminates liquidity silos and boosts overall network efficiency.

Is my dApp affected by the Heimdall v2 migration?

Most dApps will experience improved performance without requiring code changes. However, developers should monitor validator behavior and state sync processes during the transition period. Official documentation and testnet resources are available to ensure smooth integration.

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Final Thoughts

The release of Heimdall v2 on the Amoy Testnet is more than just a technical update—it’s a strategic pivot toward a faster, more secure, and infinitely scalable future for Polygon PoS. With transaction finality slashed to 5 seconds and a clear path toward 1,000 TPS and beyond, Polygon is positioning itself as a leader in next-generation blockchain infrastructure.

As the mainnet launch approaches, developers, validators, and users alike should prepare for a new era of performance and reliability. The journey to 100,000 TPS has officially begun—and Heimdall v2 is the spark that ignites it.